講起介詞by大家會諗到有咩用法呢？可能係描述「交通」方面嘅事，例如go to school by bus，或者用於「被動句」，例如the question is answered by the teacher。咁除咗呢兩個用法之外，究竟by仲可以點用呢？
1. 在某時間之前
Please arrive at the examination hall by 9am. If you arrive late, you may not be allowed to take part in the examination.
請在上午 9 點前到達考場，遲到者可能無法參加考試。
2. 在某地方旁邊
The children are reading by the lake.
孩子們在湖邊閱讀。
3. 經過
To me, Mr. Chan is an unfriendly neighbor. He always passes by without greeting.
對我而言，陳先生這位鄰居並不友好，他總是不打招呼從我身邊走過。
4. 同意
Mum, can I sleep over at Anna’s house for a night?
That’s fine by me, but you should also get permission from your dad too.
媽媽，我可以在安娜家過夜嗎？
我沒問題，但你也要先得到你爸爸的許可。
5. 根據
I think my watch has stopped working. What is the time by your watch?
我想我的手錶壞掉了，你的手錶現在是顯示幾點？
6. 形容單位
The part-time piano teacher gets paid by the hour.
兼職鋼琴老師是按小時收費的。
7. 形容溝通
Please feel free to contact me by email during working hours.
在工作時間內，請隨時通過電子郵件與我聯繫。
8. 形容身體接觸
The father holds his daughter firmly by her hand when crossing the road.
過馬路時，父親牢牢地拉著女兒的手。
